The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Myanmar, formerly called Burma, turns the spotlight on a gradual but highly significant development in international relations – the role of the Vatican in promoting peace, harmony and human rights, especially now in the East. For instance the de facto leader of Myanmar, the Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi, has been gently reminded that the good name of her country depends on an end to the oppression of Myanmar’s principal ethnic minority, the Rohingya Muslims. It was during her visit to Pope Francis at the Vatican that the opening of diplomatic relations was announced. In the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church worldwide, it was remarkable that one key talking point was the treatment of Muslims in mainly Buddhist Myanmar.